Java 日期时间字符串转成Date及时间日期格式标识符说明

1、字符串转成Date的方法

文档：https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.html

String string = "January 2, 2010";
DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("MMMM d, yyyy", Locale.ENGLISH);
Date date = format.parse(string);
System.out.println(date); // Sat Jan 02 00:00:00 GMT 2010

或

String str_date = "11-June-07";
DateFormat formatter;
Date date;
formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MMM-yy");
date = formatter.parse(str_date);

或

DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
Date date;
try {
    date = dateFormat.parse("2013-12-4");
    System.out.println(date.toString()); // Wed Dec 04 00:00:00 CST 2013
    String output = dateFormat.format(date);
    System.out.println(output); // 2013-12-04
} 
catch (ParseException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

2、时间日期格式化字符说明对照

Input string                            Pattern
------------------------------------    ----------------------------
2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT           yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z
Wed, Jul 4, '01                         EEE, MMM d, ''yy
12:08 PM                                h:mm a
12 o'clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time    hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz
0:08 PM, PDT                            K:mm a, z
02001.July.04 AD 12:08 PM               yyyyy.MMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa
Wed, 4 Jul 2001 12:08:56 -0700          EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z
010704120856-0700                       yyMMddHHmmssZ
2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-0700            yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ
2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-07:00           yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX
2001-W27-3                              YYYY-'W'ww-u

格式化标识符对照

Symbol  Meaning                     Presentation      Examples
------  -------                     ------------      -------
 G       日期适用的时代                text              AD; Anno Domini; A
 u       year                        year              2004; 04
 y       year-of-era                 year              2004; 04
 D       day-of-year                 number            189
 M/L     month-of-year               number/text       7; 07; Jul; July; J
 d       day-of-month                number            10

 Q/q     quarter-of-year             number/text       3; 03; Q3; 3rd quarter
 Y       week-based-year             year              1996; 96
 w       week-of-week-based-year     number            27
 W       week-of-month               number            4
 E       day-of-week                 text              Tue; Tuesday; T
 e/c     localized day-of-week       number/text       2; 02; Tue; Tuesday; T
 F       week-of-month               number            3

 a       am-pm-of-day                text              PM
 h       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-12)  number            12
 K       hour-of-am-pm (0-11)        number            0
 k       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-24)  number            0

 H       hour-of-day (0-23)          number            0
 m       minute-of-hour              number            30
 s       second-of-minute            number            55
 S       fraction-of-second          fraction          978
 A       milli-of-day                number            1234
 n       nano-of-second              number            987654321
 N       nano-of-day                 number            1234000000

 V       time-zone ID                zone-id           America/Los_Angeles; Z; -08:30
 z       time-zone name              zone-name         Pacific Standard Time; PST
 O       localized zone-offset       offset-O          GMT+8; GMT+08:00; UTC-08:00;
 X       zone-offset 'Z' for zero    offset-X          Z; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
 x       zone-offset                 offset-x          +0000; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
 Z       zone-offset                 offset-Z          +0000; -0800; -08:00;